Dual oxidase Duox and Toll-like receptor 3 TLR3 in the Toll pathway suppress zoonotic pathogens through regulating the intestinal bacterial community homeostasis in Hermetia illucens L.
Identifieur interne : 000170 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000169; suivant : 000171Dual oxidase Duox and Toll-like receptor 3 TLR3 in the Toll pathway suppress zoonotic pathogens through regulating the intestinal bacterial community homeostasis in Hermetia illucens L.
Auteurs : Yaqing Huang [République populaire de Chine] ; Yongqiang Yu [République populaire de Chine] ; Shuai Zhan [République populaire de Chine] ; Jeffery K. Tomberlin [États-Unis] ; Dian Huang [République populaire de Chine] ; Minmin Cai [République populaire de Chine] ; Longyu Zheng [République populaire de Chine] ; Ziniu Yu [République populaire de Chine] ; Jibin Zhang [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux (MeSH), Dual oxydases (immunologie), Fumier (microbiologie), Homéostasie (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Infections à staphylocoques (immunologie), Infections à staphylocoques (microbiologie), Larve (immunologie), Larve (microbiologie), Microbiome gastro-intestinal (MeSH), Protéines d'insecte (immunologie), Récepteur de type Toll-3 (immunologie), Salmonella (immunologie), Salmonelloses (immunologie), Salmonelloses (microbiologie), Simuliidae (immunologie), Simuliidae (microbiologie), Staphylococcus aureus (immunologie), Suidae (MeSH), Transduction du signal (MeSH), Zoonoses (immunologie), Zoonoses (microbiologie).
- MESH :
- immunologie : Dual oxydases, Infections à staphylocoques, Larve, Protéines d'insecte, Récepteur de type Toll-3, Salmonella, Salmonelloses, Simuliidae, Staphylococcus aureus, Zoonoses.
- microbiologie : Fumier, Infections à staphylocoques, Larve, Salmonelloses, Simuliidae, Zoonoses.
- Animaux, Homéostasie, Humains, Microbiome gastro-intestinal, Suidae, Transduction du signal.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals (MeSH), Dual Oxidases (immunology), Gastrointestinal Microbiome (MeSH), Homeostasis (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Insect Proteins (immunology), Larva (immunology), Larva (microbiology), Manure (microbiology), Salmonella (immunology), Salmonella Infections (immunology), Salmonella Infections (microbiology), Signal Transduction (MeSH), Simuliidae (immunology), Simuliidae (microbiology), Staphylococcal Infections (immunology), Staphylococcal Infections (microbiology), Staphylococcus aureus (immunology), Swine (MeSH), Toll-Like Receptor 3 (immunology), Zoonoses (immunology), Zoonoses (microbiology).
- MESH :
- chemical , immunology : Dual Oxidases, Insect Proteins, Toll-Like Receptor 3.
- immunology : Larva, Salmonella, Salmonella Infections, Simuliidae, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Zoonoses.
- microbiology : Larva, Manure, Salmonella Infections, Simuliidae, Staphylococcal Infections, Zoonoses.
- Animals, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Homeostasis, Humans, Signal Transduction, Swine.
Abstract
Black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L.) larvae can convert fresh pig manure into protein and fat-rich biomass, which can then be used as aquafeed for select species. Currently, BSF is the only approved insect for such purposes in Canada, USA, and the European Union. Pig manure could serve as a feed substrate for BSF; however, it is contaminated with zoonotic pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp.). Fortunately, BSF larvae inhibit many of these zoonotic pathogens; however, the mechanisms employed are unclear. We employed RNAi, qRT-PCR, and Illumina MiSeq 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to examine the interaction between two immune genes (Duox in Duox-reactive oxygen species [ROS] immune system and TLR3 in the Toll signaling pathway) and select pathogens common in pig manure to decipher the mechanisms resulting in pathogen suppression. Results indicate Bsf Duox-TLR3 RNAi increased bacterial load but decreased relative abundance of Providencia and Dysgonomonas, which are thought to be commensals in the BSF larval gut. Bsf Duox-TLR3 RNAi also inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway, downregulated the expression of antimicrobial peptides, and diminished inhibitory effects on zoonotic pathogen. The resulting dysbiosis stimulated an immune response by activating BsfDuox and promoting ROS, which regulated the composition and structure of the gut bacterial community. Thus, BsfDuox and BsfTLR3 are important factors in regulating these key gut microbes, while inhibiting target zoonotic pathogens.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225873
PubMed: 32352968
PubMed Central: PMC7192390
Affiliations:
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Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Yongqiang" sort="Yu, Yongqiang" uniqKey="Yu Y" first="Yongqiang" last="Yu">Yongqiang Yu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhan, Shuai" sort="Zhan, Shuai" uniqKey="Zhan S" first="Shuai" last="Zhan">Shuai Zhan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomberlin, Jeffery K" sort="Tomberlin, Jeffery K" uniqKey="Tomberlin J" first="Jeffery K" last="Tomberlin">Jeffery K. Tomberlin</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, Texas, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Dian" sort="Huang, Dian" uniqKey="Huang D" first="Dian" last="Huang">Dian Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Minmin" sort="Cai, Minmin" uniqKey="Cai M" first="Minmin" last="Cai">Minmin Cai</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Longyu" sort="Zheng, Longyu" uniqKey="Zheng L" first="Longyu" last="Zheng">Longyu Zheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Ziniu" sort="Yu, Ziniu" uniqKey="Yu Z" first="Ziniu" last="Yu">Ziniu Yu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jibin" sort="Zhang, Jibin" uniqKey="Zhang J" first="Jibin" last="Zhang">Jibin Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>Dual Oxidases (immunology)</term><term>Gastrointestinal Microbiome (MeSH)</term><term>Homeostasis (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Insect Proteins (immunology)</term><term>Larva (immunology)</term><term>Larva (microbiology)</term><term>Manure (microbiology)</term><term>Salmonella (immunology)</term><term>Salmonella Infections (immunology)</term><term>Salmonella Infections (microbiology)</term><term>Signal Transduction (MeSH)</term><term>Simuliidae (immunology)</term><term>Simuliidae (microbiology)</term><term>Staphylococcal Infections (immunology)</term><term>Staphylococcal Infections (microbiology)</term><term>Staphylococcus aureus (immunology)</term><term>Swine (MeSH)</term><term>Toll-Like Receptor 3 (immunology)</term><term>Zoonoses (immunology)</term><term>Zoonoses (microbiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux (MeSH)</term><term>Dual oxydases (immunologie)</term><term>Fumier (microbiologie)</term><term>Homéostasie (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à staphylocoques (immunologie)</term><term>Infections à staphylocoques (microbiologie)</term><term>Larve (immunologie)</term><term>Larve (microbiologie)</term><term>Microbiome gastro-intestinal (MeSH)</term><term>Protéines d'insecte (immunologie)</term><term>Récepteur de type Toll-3 (immunologie)</term><term>Salmonella (immunologie)</term><term>Salmonelloses (immunologie)</term><term>Salmonelloses (microbiologie)</term><term>Simuliidae (immunologie)</term><term>Simuliidae (microbiologie)</term><term>Staphylococcus aureus (immunologie)</term><term>Suidae (MeSH)</term><term>Transduction du signal (MeSH)</term><term>Zoonoses (immunologie)</term><term>Zoonoses (microbiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Dual Oxidases</term><term>Insect Proteins</term><term>Toll-Like Receptor 3</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dual oxydases</term><term>Infections à staphylocoques</term><term>Larve</term><term>Protéines d'insecte</term><term>Récepteur de type Toll-3</term><term>Salmonella</term><term>Salmonelloses</term><term>Simuliidae</term><term>Staphylococcus aureus</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Larva</term><term>Salmonella</term><term>Salmonella Infections</term><term>Simuliidae</term><term>Staphylococcal Infections</term><term>Staphylococcus aureus</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fumier</term><term>Infections à staphylocoques</term><term>Larve</term><term>Salmonelloses</term><term>Simuliidae</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Larva</term><term>Manure</term><term>Salmonella Infections</term><term>Simuliidae</term><term>Staphylococcal Infections</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Gastrointestinal Microbiome</term><term>Homeostasis</term><term>Humans</term><term>Signal Transduction</term><term>Swine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Homéostasie</term><term>Humains</term><term>Microbiome gastro-intestinal</term><term>Suidae</term><term>Transduction du signal</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L.) larvae can convert fresh pig manure into protein and fat-rich biomass, which can then be used as aquafeed for select species. Currently, BSF is the only approved insect for such purposes in Canada, USA, and the European Union. Pig manure could serve as a feed substrate for BSF; however, it is contaminated with zoonotic pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp.). Fortunately, BSF larvae inhibit many of these zoonotic pathogens; however, the mechanisms employed are unclear. We employed RNAi, qRT-PCR, and Illumina MiSeq 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to examine the interaction between two immune genes (Duox in Duox-reactive oxygen species [ROS] immune system and TLR3 in the Toll signaling pathway) and select pathogens common in pig manure to decipher the mechanisms resulting in pathogen suppression. Results indicate Bsf Duox-TLR3 RNAi increased bacterial load but decreased relative abundance of Providencia and Dysgonomonas, which are thought to be commensals in the BSF larval gut. Bsf Duox-TLR3 RNAi also inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway, downregulated the expression of antimicrobial peptides, and diminished inhibitory effects on zoonotic pathogen. The resulting dysbiosis stimulated an immune response by activating BsfDuox and promoting ROS, which regulated the composition and structure of the gut bacterial community. Thus, BsfDuox and BsfTLR3 are important factors in regulating these key gut microbes, while inhibiting target zoonotic pathogens.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32352968</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>14</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>14</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>15</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS One</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Dual oxidase Duox and Toll-like receptor 3 TLR3 in the Toll pathway suppress zoonotic pathogens through regulating the intestinal bacterial community homeostasis in Hermetia illucens L.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0225873</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0225873</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L.) larvae can convert fresh pig manure into protein and fat-rich biomass, which can then be used as aquafeed for select species. Currently, BSF is the only approved insect for such purposes in Canada, USA, and the European Union. Pig manure could serve as a feed substrate for BSF; however, it is contaminated with zoonotic pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp.). Fortunately, BSF larvae inhibit many of these zoonotic pathogens; however, the mechanisms employed are unclear. We employed RNAi, qRT-PCR, and Illumina MiSeq 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to examine the interaction between two immune genes (Duox in Duox-reactive oxygen species [ROS] immune system and TLR3 in the Toll signaling pathway) and select pathogens common in pig manure to decipher the mechanisms resulting in pathogen suppression. Results indicate Bsf Duox-TLR3 RNAi increased bacterial load but decreased relative abundance of Providencia and Dysgonomonas, which are thought to be commensals in the BSF larval gut. Bsf Duox-TLR3 RNAi also inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway, downregulated the expression of antimicrobial peptides, and diminished inhibitory effects on zoonotic pathogen. The resulting dysbiosis stimulated an immune response by activating BsfDuox and promoting ROS, which regulated the composition and structure of the gut bacterial community. Thus, BsfDuox and BsfTLR3 are important factors in regulating these key gut microbes, while inhibiting target zoonotic pathogens.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName><ForeName>Yaqing</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yu</LastName><ForeName>Yongqiang</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhan</LastName><ForeName>Shuai</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tomberlin</LastName><ForeName>Jeffery K</ForeName><Initials>JK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, Texas, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName><ForeName>Dian</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cai</LastName><ForeName>Minmin</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zheng</LastName><ForeName>Longyu</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yu</LastName><ForeName>Ziniu</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Jibin</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0788-557X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>30</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance 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MajorTopicYN="N">Homeostasis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019476" MajorTopicYN="N">Insect Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007814" MajorTopicYN="N">Larva</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008372" MajorTopicYN="N">Manure</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012475" MajorTopicYN="N">Salmonella</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012480" MajorTopicYN="N">Salmonella Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012843" MajorTopicYN="N">Simuliidae</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013203" MajorTopicYN="N">Staphylococcal Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013211" MajorTopicYN="N">Staphylococcus aureus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013552" MajorTopicYN="N">Swine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051196" MajorTopicYN="N">Toll-Like Receptor 3</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015047" MajorTopicYN="N">Zoonoses</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><CoiStatement>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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